碱渣变形性质的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李琳  江志安 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(5):77-79

目前碱渣压实后用作填垫地基比较广泛,碱渣的变形特性是分析填垫地基沉降和变形的关键。因此,利用压缩试验研究击实碱渣的变形性质非常重要。本文以5种不同含水量的击实碱渣的压缩试验为基础,分析了击实碱渣压缩系数、压缩模量和固结系数的变化规律。  相似文献   

陆地植物有机分子化合物氢同位素组成及其古环境意义     

刘卫国  杨洪  黄永松  李立武 《地球学报》2005,26(Z1):233-234

近年来，随着高温裂解－色谱－同位素质谱技术的发展，使有机分子化合物氢同位素的生物地球化学研究成为可能，并已被应用到湖泊沉积物、泥炭等地质记录的古环境研究中。然而，由于目前对陆地植物有机分子化合物氢同位素组成变化与气候变化之间关系很好的认识，造成了地质纪录中的有机分子化合物氢同位素组成变化解释的不确定性。笔者利用 GC/TE/IRMS 方法初步测定了中国西北地区干旱－半干旱地区现代植物和黄土/古土壤序列中正构烷烃组分（主要来自植物叶蜡）的氢同位素组成。来自34个现代植物（包括21个C3 植物和 13个 C4 植物）的δD值变化为 C27 为－10‰～－200‰、C29 为－115‰～－205‰、C31为－113‰～－226‰。结果表明：与目前人们的认识不同，植物叶蜡的氢同位素组成与植物光和作用方式（C3 或 C4 植物）相关性较弱，而与植物的类型（木本和草本）相关；尽管降雨、温度、光合作用方式等因素可能影响植物氢同位素分馏效应，但植物氢同位素组成更大程度的受控于植物生长来源水中的氢同位素组成。黄土高原西峰黄土/古土壤剖面过云130 kyr正构烷烃组分的平均氢同位素组成变化为－140‰～－190‰。偏正δD峰值对应于相对干旱的黄土沉积阶段（海洋氧同位素阶段2和4），而偏负的 δD 峰值对应于相对湿润的古土壤发育阶段（海洋氧同位素阶段 1、3 和 5）。笔者认为黄土/古土壤序列的有机分子化合物的氢同位素组成记录了东亚季风气候控制下中国北方干旱、半干旱地区植被的演化及相应的气候干/湿变化。  相似文献   

Impact of salt stress on the features and activities of root system for three desert halophyte species in their seedling stage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YI LiangPeng  MA Jian  LI Yan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z1):97-106

Linkage between belowground and aboveground sections of ecological system is mainly depending on root system. But root system is the parts of plant that people less understand. The absorption function of root system is closely related to their morphology and activity. Moreover root system can interact with the environmental stress under the adverse situation, and adjust its system to take adaptation responses in morphology and physiology to strengthen its survival chance. This research is focused on three desert halophyte species of H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bge., S. physophora Pall., and S. nitraria Pall. under solution culture, to study the differences of their root system morphology and activity in the seedling stage under varying salt concentration conditions. The study results show that: A certain salt concentration can promote development of these three halophytes; but rather high salt concentration will restrain their growth, in particular inhibit the root system development. Under the same salt concentration condition, S. nitraria Pall. grows fast and accumulates the largest amount of biomass. Under relatively low salt concentration, the length of axial root and the total length of root system of these three halophyte species are all increased; and compared to the checking samples, S. physophora Pall. occupies the top place of root system growth, but the high salt concentration will restrain the increase of total root length; among them, the impact intensity on S. physophora Pall. is lighter than to H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bge. and S. nitraria Pall. is lighter; the salinity does not bring distinct influence on the average diameter of root system of these three plant species, but trends to reducing the size; under the solution culture conditions, the middle and lower parts of the axial root of H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bge. and S. physophora Pall. are rather equally distributed, but the central zone of S. nitraria Pall. root system is more significantly increased than the upper and lower zones; salt concentration does not bring significant impact on the root system spatial distribution of each species. The root activity of the three plants is increased along with the increase of the salt concentration. When the salt concentration is low, the root activity is not significantly increased; but when the salt concentration is high, the root activity is increased significantly. The experimental results show that the saline tolerance capacity of H. ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bge. is lower than the other two species, and the capacity of S. physophora Pall. ranks the top place.  相似文献   

白杨河——艾里克湖湿地及周边植物群落与环境因子的关系   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

张江英  周华荣  高梅 《干旱区地理》2007,30(1):101-107

应用数量分类和排序方法,对新疆白杨河-艾里克湖湿地植被进行了多元统计分析。结果表明,该研究区域主要植被类型中共有植物18种,隶属10科,17个属。其中,多数植物种类在样方中出现的频次较低,说明该地区植物物种丰富度较低。TWINSPAN结果表明,该地区植物可以分9个种类组,与实际调查结果一致。CCA排序结果同TWINSPAN分类结果基本一致,反映出植物群落分布格局随环境因子梯度变化的趋势。分析了不同环境因子的关系,并从定量的角度,以CCA排序图直观的揭示了决定艾里克湖湿地植物群落分布的环境因子主要是地下水位、土壤有机质,其回归模型分别为:X_1=-0．6037L 0．6824(R~2=0．6024);X_2=0．74530M 0．1142(R~2 =0．6004)。  相似文献   

水生植物的应用与管理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔心红 《湿地科学与管理》2007,3(4):54-58

水生植物具有观赏、净化以及生物多样性高的特点,在城市环境建设中得到广泛应用。针对应用中出现的一些问题,结合水生植物个体生态学特征、群落结构和发育动态等,提出了科学应用水生植物的基本要求。  相似文献   

用于污水处理的人工湿地的基质、植物及其配置   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

徐德福  李映雪 《湿地科学》2007,5(1):32-38

从工程角度探讨了人工湿地中基质与植物的筛选以及配置问题。基质是人工湿地不可缺少的组成部分,大部分物理、化学和生物反应等都在基质中进行。不同基质对污染物的净化能力存在明显差异,筛选对污染物净化能力强的当地材料作为人工湿地基质,不但能提高人工湿地的净化能力和使用寿命,还能减少人工湿地的投资成本。植物在人工湿地中有着重要的作用,包括直接吸收氮、磷和重金属等污染物质,提高人工湿地的渗透系数,增强根际微生物活性和输送氧气到根际增加根际的溶解性氧含量等,但不同植物对污染物的净化能力也存在很大差异,选用本地区净化力强的植物用于人工湿地,一方面可以提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效率,另一方面可以减少引用外来植物的投资成本,还可以避免引用外来植物造成的生物入侵危险。在筛选人工湿地基质和植物的基础上合理的配置基质和植物是提高人工湿地净化效率的重要保障。  相似文献   

北京汉石桥湿地植物群落优势种的种间关系研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张佳蕊  陈燕  雷霆  陈建伟  崔国发 《湿地科学》2007,5(2):146-152

在对汉石桥湿地植物群落调查的基础上,选取19个优势种,采用χ^2检验、Jaccard关联指数和Spearman秩相关分析进行了湿地植物群落种间关系研究。结果表明：汉石桥湿地植物群落优势种群间多呈负关联,显著和极显著关联种对数量少;Spearman秩相关分析结果优于χ^2检验;根据分析结果将19个优势物种划分为水生植物种组、湿生植物种组和中生植物种组3个生态种组,同一生态种组内种群的生态要求和对资源的利用方式类似,不同生态种组间种群关系相对较为松散。  相似文献   

东北黑土漫岗区长坡面坡耕地侵蚀产沙沿程变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

崔明  蔡强国  朱阿兴  范昊明 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(3):375-383

Characteristics of soil erosion change along a long slope in the gentle hilly areas in black soil region in Northeast China are discussed. A simplified slope model based on seg-ments was used to analyze the runoff data and soil erosion data observed between 2003 and 2004 over 10 field plots with different slope length in Heshan Farm,Heilongjiang Province. We found that soil erosion rate over long slopes in the black soil region changed alternatively along the slope and creates alternative zones of intensive erosion and week erosion.The exact place of each zone is different for different rainfall conditions. In a year with less and mild precipitation,rill cannot happen within the top 50 m,while in a year with large and inten-sive precipitation,rill can be formed starting even at 15 m from the top of the slope.  相似文献   

地质因素影响下的硒在土壤-水稻系统中的迁移转化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郦逸根  董岩翔  郑洁  解怀生  宋明义 《物探与化探》2007,31(1):77-80

硒在土壤—水稻系统中的迁移转化,受其在水稻土中的形态分布、土壤理化性质和微量或大量元素的交互作用影响.硒在水稻植株中的分布、迁移和总量传输,是一个动态过程.从土壤和根部传输上来的硒会逐渐在各器官内积累,表现出w_根(Se)＞w_叶(Se)＞w_茎(Se)＞w_穗(Se)的特点.水稻地以上部分的硒量仅占植株总硒量的42%～50%.进入稻穗中的硒量仅为水稻植株总硒量的2.31%～4.31%,且w_稻谷(Se)＞w_糙米(Se)＞w_精米(Se).高硒区土壤总硒与土壤有机态硒和残渣态硒有关,与离子交换态、碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化态硒关系不大.  相似文献   

The First Observation on Plant Cell Fossils in China          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Xin CUI Jinzhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):16-22

For a long time, paleontologists have been focusing on hard parts of organisms during different geological periods while soft parts are rarely reported. Well-preserved plant cells, if found in fossils, are treated only as a rarity. Recent prowess in research on fossil cytoplasm indicates that plant cytoplasm not only has excellent ultrastructures preserved but also may be a quite commonly seen fossil in strata. However, up to now there is no report of plant cell fossils in China yet. Here plant cell fossils are reported from Huolinhe Coal Mine （the early Cretaceous）, Inner Mongolia, China. The presence of plant cytoplasm fossils in two cones on the same specimen not only provides further support for the recently proposed hypothesis on plant cytoplasm fossilization but also marks the first record of plant cytoplasm fossils in China, which suggests a great research potential in this new area.  相似文献